{"id":3087,"date":"2021-12-13T14:01:11","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T14:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grammostrails.gr\/panida\/"},"modified":"2026-06-24T20:58:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T20:58:26","slug":"panida","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grammostrails.gr\/en\/panida\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fauna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The Fauna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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More than 35 species of mammals, 150 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, and 18 species of reptiles have been recorded on Mount Grammos!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mammals<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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More than 35 species of mammals have been recorded on Mount Grammos. As for large mammals, the most significant are the wolf and the bear. A small population of chamois (Capra rupicapra) survives on the rocky peaks, constantly under pressure from poaching and the widespread presence of livestock. Roe deer and wild boars inhabit the forests, while the wider area is home to all the medium-sized and small mammals of the biogeographic zone, as well as a particularly large number of bat species, including some with a distribution restricted to the Central Balkans.<\/p>

The bear, with its impressive presence and long history of coexistence with humans, is today the most iconic animal species of the Pindus Mountains.<\/p>

The bear\u2019s presence in Grammos is constant, both over time and across the landscape. It is easy to spot its tracks on forest roads and soft ground.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bear tracks in the Gramosta stream<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Wild Goat (R\u03c5\u03c1icapra rupicapra)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Birds<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A total of 150 bird species have been recorded in the Grammos and Western Voio regions, 118 of which nest there.<\/p>

The most interesting species in the area are the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), the Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo), the Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius)\u2014along with eight other woodpecker species\u2014and the Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax).<\/p>

We note, however, that Grammos lacks the habitats of the lower zone and, above all, the most characteristic types of Mediterranean vegetation, such as phrygana and scrublands, which on other mountains along the country\u2019s perimeter provide not only greater biodiversity but, above all, the opportunity for seasonal complementarity. Here we find primarily mountainous habitats, whose richness is based mainly on the mosaic formed by the terrain, soil and climatic conditions, and human activity. The region\u2019s status as a border area also played a decisive role, granting it moments of tranquility amid the ebb and flow that has marked the course of human history.<\/p>

It is worth noting that small flocks of Red-billed Choughs (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) circle the peaks; this is a species found in alpine landscapes with a highly fragmented distribution in Greece and a very small overall population.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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short-toed snake eagle.(Circaetus gallicus)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lefkonotis (Dendrocopos leucotos)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Red-throated Warbler (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reptiles<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Eleven species of amphibians and 18 species of reptiles have been recorded in Grammos. As expected, reptile diversity is greater at low and mid-elevations, where we\u2019ll find most amphibians, nearly all snakes (including the Crowned Snake, which, however, \u201cclimbs\u201d up to the alpine zone), and most lizards, amphibians, and tetrapods.<\/p>

In the lower zones, we will find all the amphibians reported from the area, while in the drier areas we will encounter the typical lizards of the lower zone. In permanent bodies of standing or very slowly flowing water, we will find the two species of newts found in the low and middle zones\u2014most commonly the Greek Common Newt, and in more mountainous waters, the Macedonian Newt.<\/p>

In the numerous subalpine and alpine lakes, we will find large populations of the Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alpine Triton (Ichthyosaura alpestris)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Male Viper (Vipera ammodytes)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Fauna More than 35 species of mammals, 150 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, and 18 species of reptiles have been recorded on Mount Grammos! Mammals More than 35 species of mammals have been recorded on Mount Grammos. As for large mammals, the most significant are the wolf and the bear. A small 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